Introduction
Andrology is a specialized branch of medical science dedicated to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions related to male reproductive and sexual health. Although often compared to gynecology, andrology encompasses a broader physiological and endocrine focus, addressing not only fertility and sexual function but also hormonal balance, testicular health, prostate disorders, and age-related changes in men.
Historically, male reproductive health received less medical attention compared to female reproductive care. However, increasing awareness of male infertility, sexual dysfunction, and hormonal disorders has elevated the importance of andrology in modern healthcare systems.
Scope and Clinical Responsibilities
The scope of andrology includes disorders of the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis. Andrologists are trained to evaluate male infertility, erectile dysfunction, ejaculation disorders, hypogonadism, varicocele, testicular tumors, and infections of the male reproductive tract.
Additionally, andrology overlaps with endocrinology, urology, erotic sense, psychiatry, and internal medicine, recognizing that male reproductive health is closely interconnected with systemic health.
Clinical Significance
Andrology contributes significantly to early disease detection. Many chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome often present initial symptoms through sexual or reproductive dysfunction. Therefore, andrology plays a preventive role in identifying underlying systemic disorders.
Conclusion
Andrology is a vital medical discipline that addresses comprehensive male health beyond reproduction alone. Its expanding role reflects growing recognition of men’s health as a public health priority.