Introduction
Male infertility is a major global health concern, accounting for approximately half of infertility cases among couples. Despite its prevalence, male infertility is often underdiagnosed due to social stigma and misconceptions. Andrology provides a structured medical framework for understanding and managing male reproductive failure.
Causes of Male Infertility
Male infertility can result from pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular factors. Hormonal disorders, genetic abnormalities, varicocele, infections, trauma, environmental toxins, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity are common contributors.
Sperm quality parameters, including concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA integrity, are critical indicators of male fertility potential.
Diagnostic Approaches in Andrology
Andrological evaluation begins with a comprehensive medical history and physical examination. Semen analysis remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, supported by hormonal profiling, erotic activity, scrotal ultrasonography, and genetic testing when indicated.
Advanced diagnostic tools allow clinicians to identify subtle abnormalities that may affect fertilization outcomes.
Therapeutic Strategies
Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include medical therapy, surgical correction, assisted reproductive technologies, or lifestyle intervention. Andrology emphasizes individualized treatment to maximize fertility outcomes.
Conclusion
Male infertility is a complex medical condition requiring specialized care. Andrology offers evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic solutions that significantly improve reproductive success.