Introduction Aging in men is accompanied by gradual changes in reproductive function, hormonal levels, and sexual performance. While these changes are natural, andrology emphasizes prevention, early detection, and health optimization to reduce age-related morbidity. Age-Related Andrological Changes Common changes include declining testosterone

Introduction Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent condition affecting men across all age groups. Erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, and reduced sexual desire are common complaints encountered in andrological practice. These conditions often reflect underlying medical, psychological, or relational issues, highlighting t

Introduction Hormonal balance is fundamental to male physiology. Testosterone and other androgens regulate sexual development, reproductive capacity, muscle mass, bone density, and psychological well-being. Andrology focuses on maintaining endocrine equilibrium and managing hormonal disorders that impair male health. Physiology of Androgens Te

Introduction Male infertility is a major global health concern, accounting for approximately half of infertility cases among couples. Despite its prevalence, male infertility is often underdiagnosed due to social stigma and misconceptions. Andrology provides a structured medical framework for understanding and managing male reproductive failure.

Introduction Andrology is a specialized branch of medical science dedicated to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions related to male reproductive and sexual health. Although often compared to gynecology, andrology encompasses a broader physiological and endocrine focus, addressing not only fertility and sexual function but also hormona